To get a doctor started on listing your symptoms, disease, and treatments you need, you will go through a set of interviews and tests, including blood test, urine test, and stool test. Urine test, or also known as urine analysis (UA), or urinalysis is a series of tests on your pee. They can detect diseases such as kidney disease, liver disease, and diabetes in their early stages. Medical professionals use urine test to detect: Urine pH Protein in urine White blood cells/leukocytes in urine Glucose in urine Blood in urine, etc. Consultation is the essence of functional medicine. Consult with your doctor and find out whether you need a urine test in your set of treatments.

A pregnancy test can help us determine if a woman is pregnant or not. There are several methods or procedures that can be used to test for pregnancy, including urine test, blood test and ultrasound.

• Fetal Diseases

A pregnancy ultrasound can be used to confirm the dates of pregnancy and general wellbeing of the fetus (baby), and also to detect any structural anomalies and growth of the fetus. It can be done during the initial visit and is usually part of pregnancy routine health screenings throughout the pregnancy period. Ultrasounds are not invasive, so it brings no risk to you or your baby. It provides an image of the baby in the womb. During an ultrasound, gel is applied on your abdomen area to allow sound waves from the ultrasound probe to pass into your uterus. The ultrasound probe is then moved over your abdomen to produce an ultrasound image via the reflection of the sound waves off the baby. There are several different types of ultrasound like 2D ultrasound, 3D ultrasound, 5D ultrasound, and Doppler ultrasound.

• Fetal Diseases

For both the health and wellbeing of the mother and the baby, influenza vaccines are administrated to prevent any risk of influenze outbreak affecting your pregnancy. Sometimes, these vaccines are administered for the husband or other family members around the mother and baby too.

Hepatitis B screening and vaccine is recommended to be done as early as possible, and is compulsory for all pregnant women who have not been immunized before, and if you have any of the following characteristics: - More than one sex partner during the previous 6 months - Previous evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease - Recent or current injection of drug use - Hepatitis B-positive sex partner Hepatitis B vaccine is done to minimize the risk of congenital infection and carrier status.

A pregnancy test can help us determine if a woman is pregnant or not. There are several methods or procedures that can be used to test for pregnancy, including urine test, blood test and ultrasound.

• Fetal Diseases

A pregnancy ultrasound can be used to confirm the dates of pregnancy and general wellbeing of the fetus (baby), and also to detect any structural anomalies and growth of the fetus. It can be done during the initial visit and is usually part of pregnancy routine health screenings throughout the pregnancy period. Ultrasounds are not invasive, so it brings no risk to you or your baby. It provides an image of the baby in the womb. During an ultrasound, gel is applied on your abdomen area to allow sound waves from the ultrasound probe to pass into your uterus. The ultrasound probe is then moved over your abdomen to produce an ultrasound image via the reflection of the sound waves off the baby. There are several different types of ultrasound like 2D ultrasound, 3D ultrasound, 5D ultrasound, and Doppler ultrasound.

• Fetal Diseases

Gynaecological ultrasound uses sound waves to produce pictures of the internal organs around the lower abdomen and pelvis area. It is usually used to examine the reproductive and urinary system. Also known as pelvic ultrasound, it can also be used during pregnancy to monitor the health and development of the embryo or fetus (baby).

• Gynaecological Diseases

Menstrual cycles often bring about a variety of uncomfortable symptoms leading up to your period. Some of them are:Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)Heavy periodsAbsent periodsPeriod painFunctional medicine aims to treat the disease naturally, using an approach to treat the root cause and focusing on the person itself. Your functional medicine doctor may suggest some treatments:Clean up your diet: refined flour, sugar, processed food, caffeine, alcoholTake supplementExerciseDestressAcupunctureHerbal formulasThere are still a lot of treatment which can only be prescribed by looking at your condition. Despite the list, the right treatment depends on consultation with your doctor to determine the best treatment for you.

• Menstruation Problems

A Pap smear test, also known as the pap test, is a screening procedure to detect any potential risks of cervical cancer. During the procedure, cells from your cervix (the opening of your uterus) are gently scraped away to be examined for any abnormalities. Cervical cancer screening or pap smear is recommended every 3 years for women aged 21-65.

• Cervical Diseases
• Cervical Cancer
• Cervical Infection
• Gynaecological Diseases

Birth control is the procedure to prevent any future pregnancies. There are several methods towards contraception, including condoms, oral contraceptive pills, tubal ligation, and vasectomy. You should discuss with your doctor to decide on which contraceptive method is the best for you.

• Obstetric Diseases

A contraceptive injection uses hormone injected into your body to prevent pregnancies. The hormone pregestogen is released into your bloodstream and can prevent pregnancy for about 8 to 13 weeks. Reminder: Any contraceptive injection has to be administered and done by a verified medical doctor.

• Contraception

• Gynaecological Diseases
• Chronic Pelvic Pain (Lower Abdominal Pain)

Chronic pelvic pain is the pain that you feel in the area between your belly button and your hips, that lasts for six months or longer. These pains can be sharp and acute, or chronic over long periods of time. You may also feel heavy pressure in your pelvis, pain during intercourse, and pain when going to the toilet. The causes of chronic pelvic pain can be wide, as different factors ranging from endometriosis to fibroids and inflammatory diseases can all cause pelvic pain. You should get your condition diagnosed by a doctor to receive an accurate treatment.

• Gynaecological Diseases
• Chronic Pelvic Pain (Lower Abdominal Pain)

It is normal to experience back pain during pregnancy. This happens because during your pregnancy, your body produces a hormone called relaxin that relaxes your pelvic area and loosens the pelvic joints to prepare for the childbirth process. However, this same hormone also causes the ligaments that support your spine and backbone to loosen and relax, causing instability and pain. You can let your doctor check on your back pain problem so that your doctor can advise you on the best treatment, whether it is a medical treatment or a daily practice for your back pain relieft.

• Pregnancy Back Pain
• Pregnancy Problems

Pregnancy sickness, also known as morning sickness, is a common pregnancy symptom which can involve, nausea, vomiting, and physical body pain. Pregnancy sickness symptoms usually occur between the 4th to 16th week of pregnancy. Treatments for pregnancy sickness depend on the type of sickness developed and their causes. Consult a doctor if you have recurring symptoms during your pregnancy period.

• Pregnancy Sickness
• Pregnancy Problems

Pregnancy nausea is very common among pregnant mothers, with up to 70% of mothers experiencing it, especially during early pregnancy. The cause of pregnancy nausea is not completely known, but is often linked to hormonal changes during pregnancy. If your pregnancy nausea symptoms are giving your discomfort or affecting your lifestyle, you can consult a women specialist doctor for a treatment.

• Pregnancy Nausea
• Pregnancy Problems

Heartburns are caused by stomach acid that are passed back into the oesophagus from the stomach. And this can be more common during pregnancy because the progesterone hormone causes the valve between the stomach and the oesophagus to relax.

• Pregnancy Heartburn
• Pregnancy Problems

Do you have scars leftover from your chicken pox outbreak recently? While laser treatments are the usual treatments for scar removal, chicken pox scars are a little deeper than normal scars. Sometimes, dermal fillers are used alongside laser treatments to lighten the scars' visibility. You can consult a skin doctor to see what kind of treatment is the most suitable for your skin condition.

• Chicken Pox Scars

Scabies is an itchy skin condition that looks like track burrows under the skin. These tracks are made by mites that dig tiny tunnels under the surface of the skin. The mites can also lay eggs in this burrows, making the skin condition worse. Scabies can cause itching and rashes, and can spread quickly and easily through physical contact of skin. Scabies treatments are usually targeted at entire families and contact groups because of this highly contagious nature of the infection. However, scabies can be readily treated, usually via topical medicine. The medicine is formulated to kill the mites and recover the skin.

• Scabies
• Skin Disease

Generally, hair loss is the loss of hair from the scalp (on our head) or other body parts. Hair loss can include excessive shedding, hair thinning, receding hairline, patchy bald spots, or excessively oily or dry scalp. Hair loss differs between men and women, and can also be different according to region and race (a topic still under research!). Age is certainly a factor, though not the ultimate one. Hair loss is more likely to affect males, elder people, and highly stressed individual. Fewer than 45% of women go through their lives without any hair loss problem at all, while 50% of men have been found to have mild hair loss, and 75% with moderate to severe hair loss. Hair loss in men is more of an expectancy compared to that for women. By the age of 80 years, 80% of men are affected by hair loss. Besides, 25% of men start showing hair loss signs as early as in their 20s! For women, about ⅓ of women experience hair loss at some point in their lives, and ⅔ women experience hair loss after menopause. However, hair fall is actually extremely normal for both women and man. Losing up to 250 strands of hair when you shampoo is normal for women with long hair! Aging is no doubt the most common cause of hair loss. However, did you know that you aren’t actually ‘losing hair’, but more on reduced hair growth during old age? On average, our hair grows up to 1.5 inches every month. The process of aging slows down the hair growth (which is unavoidable). So when your hair growth is slower than your hair fall, you start to notice less hair on your head. However, you may want to see a specialist when you experience the following conditions: Rapid hair loss Hair loss accompanied by itching, skin irritation, pain etc. Hair loss happens after consuming certain foods or medication
Family Medicine

Before engaging any treatments for hair loss, it is important to first find out the cause of hair loss.

Is it due to your diet?
It is important to maintain a healthy diet to avoid (or delay) hair loss. Some nutrients play major roles in hair growth.

Sometimes, a lack of iron or protein (especially iron for women) can lead to hair loss. When our body experience a lack of protein, our body rations the protein in its operation - by stopping hair growth. So don’t forget to load up with proteins - moderately, of course.

Is it due to your hormones?
Hair loss caused by hormonal changes are usually temporary. This is a usual case for women after childbirth or menopause, when severe changes to the hormones are experienced. Hair loss is also normal after giving birth due to the trauma suffered during natural labour causing hormonal spikes.

Our thyroid gland (on our necks) plays a significant role in hormone production and balancing. Underactive or overactive thyroids can affect hormone production, metabolism, and impair hair growth as a result.

After getting your condition diagnosed by a verified doctor, the right treatment can be administered.

• Hair Loss

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that can affect both males and females, usually affecting the urethra, cervix, rectum or the throat. Gonorrhea is common and its symptoms can be hard to detect. Treatments usually involves medications or injections.

• Gonorrhea
• Skin Disease

Acne is a skin condition caused by bacteria in the skin. Sometimes hormones can increase skin sensitivity, causing our skin to get inflammed with acne easily at the presence of bacteria, which is why acne is common among teenagers going through puberty. There are two types of acne - comedogenic acne and inflammatory acne. Comedogenic acne is the small, black or white protruding acne that can be found on our skin from time to time, whereas inflammatory acne is the big, red, swollen acne that happens as a result of our skin inflammation to the bacteria. If your acne problems have been bothering you and no facial cleanser or products have worked miracles for you, you might want to consider getting an acne treatments to get rid of your acne problems once and for all. There are several different acne treatments provided by skin doctors, medical aesthetic doctors, and skin specialist doctors. These are treatments like lasers, chemical peeling, or microdermabrasion.
Family Medicine

Acne is a very common problem, and can be experienced by almost everyone at some point in their life. Acne is usually caused by hormones or skin conditions and reactions.

Based on the cause of acne as diagnosed by a certified doctor, medication to control hormonal imbalance or topical creams to treat acne can help in controlling acne and help treat it slowly and steadily.

• Acne

Both eczema and psoriasis are skin conditions that require treatments. Eczema is a chronic skin condition that occurs due to skin hypersensitivity reaction, producing red, inflamed, peeling, cracked, blistered or pus-filled skin. On the other hand, psoriasis appears as a thick patch of white scales made up by dead cells as a result of skin cell overproduction. These white scales then become inflamed and red, causing itching. Treatments for eczema and psoriasis include topical and oral medication. You can consult the doctor to get your skin condition diagnosed for the most effective treatment.
Family Medicine

A verified doctor can help to diagnose your skin condition if you have eczema or psoriasis, and administer relevant medications, either oral or topical, to help reduce inflammation, control irritation, and slowly treat the skin condition towards recovery.

• Eczema & Psoriasis
• Skin Disease

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are diseases that are gotten as a result of sexual habits, practices or preferences. Some common STDs are gonorrhea, syphilis, and Herpes viruses. STDs are usually curable apart from HIV/AIDS.

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
• Skin Disease

Warts are raised bumps on our skin commonly caused by virus or infection. They are usually harmless but can also be harmful if infection persists. Warts are usually treated using laser treatments or chemical peel. In some cases, oral medications are also required if the warts are virus-infected.

• Wart
• Skin Disease

Skin tags are small, soft, benign skin growth on the skin, and are very common on adult skin, appearing as bumps that have no pain and are usually harmless. Common areas where skin tags appear are the eyelids, neck, underarms, private areas, and on the chest. Skin tag treatments are usually done via laser treatments. You can discuss with the doctor on the most suitable procedure for your skin condition.

• Skin Tag
• Skin Disease

Age spots, or also known as liver spots, are small dark areas on your skin, common in adults older than the age of 50. After consulting with the doctor and identifying the type of age spots, laser treatments can be used to get rid of these age spots, giving you clear, spot-free skin. Age spots are usually treated via laser treatments, using laser beams emitted into the layers of the skin to remove the pigmentation.

• Age Spots
• Skin Disease

Dermatitis is one of the common skin diseases or infections that can be treated by a skin doctor. Dermatitis can be caused by viral infection, bacterial infection, or sensitive skin reaction. Some of the treatments include topical and oral medication. You can consult the doctor to get your skin condition diagnosed for the most effective treatment.

• Dermatitis
• Skin Disease

There are different types of pigmentation on our skin, including freckles, melasma, sunspots, keratosis and others. Knowing which type of pigmentation you have is important in getting the right treatment for it. Usually, your doctor will be able to determine the type of pigmentation you have, and provide treatments like laser treatments to remove the pigmentations from your skin.

• Pigmentation
• Age Spots
• Melasma

Melasma is a common pigmentation problem for women in their 30s onwards. In addition, statistics show that melasma occurs in 90% of women, with around 25% of them having melasma after their pregnancies. Melasma comes in the form of flakes or patches, and usually occur on both sides of the cheeks. Melasma forms as mainly 3 patterns on our face: Centrofacial type: appears on forehead, nose, cheeks, upper lips, chin Malar type: appears only on the cheeks Mandibular type: appears only on the jawbone Laser treatment is usually used to treat melasma as it can penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin to remove the pigmentation. You can discuss with the doctor in detail as to which type of laser treatment is the most suitable for your condition.

• Melasma

Skin infections can come in various forms, from yeast infection, to ring worms or athlete's foot for bacterial infection, or viral infecitons like shingles.There are different treatment procedures designated for different skin conditions. You should consult the doctor to get your skin condition diagnosed effectively.

• Skin Infections
• Skin Disease

Shingles is a painful viral infection on the skin that looks like a stripe of blisters, usually wrapping around your body. Shingles is actually caused by the Varicella-zoster virus, which is the same virus that causes your chicken pox. After your chicken pox outbreak, the virus stays inactive in your body. When your immunity is low, this virus can be reactivated again. Shingles can be very painful and requires treatments that include oral and topical medications.

• Shingles
• Skin Disease

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection on the skin, usually on the genitals, rectum or mouth. Syphilis can spread from one person to another via skin contact. Early syphilis is mild and can be cured. If left untreated for a long period of time, syphilis can become severe and damage other parts of our body. Treatments for syphilis usually involves medication or injection.

• Syphilis
• Skin Disease

Skin fungal infection can come in various forms, from yeast infection, to ring worms or athlete's foot. These infections are caused by the growth of fungal bacteria on the skin, causing itchiness or rashes. Antibiotic and antifungal treatments like topical or oral medications are usually adequate treatments for these skin conditions. You should consult the doctor to get your skin condition diagnosed effectively.

• Skin Disease
• Skin Infections

Skin fungal infection can come in various forms, from yeast infection, to ring worms or athlete's foot. These infections are caused by the growth of fungal bacteria on the skin, causing itchiness or rashes. Antibiotic and antifungal treatments like topical or oral medications are usually adequate treatments for these skin conditions. You should consult the doctor to get your skin condition diagnosed effectively.

• Fungal Infection
• Skin Disease

Acne scars are formed due to various reasons, including untreated inflammatory acne, bacteria infection, skin damage due to popping pimples, among others. What type of acne scar do you have? The 3 general types of acne scars are pseudo-scars (red marks left behind by inflammatory acne), depressed scars (tiny holes on the skin due to skin damage), and hypertrophic scars (lumps over the surface of acne). Acne scars can be treated using laser treatments, radiofrequency treatments, filler injections, or chemical peel. Different types of treatments work effectively against different types of acne scars. You can discuss with your doctor to see which treatment suits your skin condition the best.

• Acne Scars

Skin allergy include eczema, psoriasis, skin rash, and hives. Your skin will have skin patches that become reddened, rough, itchy, inflamed, bleeding, etc. If you have these symptoms, you might have to consult to the doctor to see which disease is it and how to treat them. Functional medicine is treating your disease naturally, from the root cause and you might not encounter the disease ever again unlike conventional medicines provide fast recovery, but only a temporary relief. By consulting to a doctor, your doctor may suggest you to: Avoid any environmental or food allergen Eat anti-inflammatory diet Eat a low-histamine diet Heal your gut Tackle bacterial overgrowth Consulting with a functional medicine practitioner is recommended in order to know what is the exact thing that your body needs.

• Skin Allergies
• Skin Disease

Hepatitis B screening and vaccine is recommended to be done as early as possible, and is compulsory for all pregnant women who have not been immunized before, and if you have any of the following characteristics: - More than one sex partner during the previous 6 months - Previous evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease - Recent or current injection of drug use - Hepatitis B-positive sex partner Hepatitis B vaccine is done to minimize the risk of congenital infection and carrier status.

For both the health and wellbeing of the mother and the baby, influenza vaccines are administrated to prevent any risk of influenze outbreak affecting your pregnancy. Sometimes, these vaccines are administered for the husband or other family members around the mother and baby too.

Pharyngitis is one of the most common types of sore throats. It is the swelling at the back of the throat between the tonsils and the voice box.Pharyngitis can be caused by viral or bacterial infection, and can be treated with medications if the condition doesn't escalate to more severe complications.

• Sore Throat (Pharyngitis)